What types of materials are typically used for electrical conductors?

The choice of copper and aluminum as typical materials for electrical conductors is rooted in their excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Copper is widely used due to its superior conductivity, which allows for efficient transmission of electrical current with minimal energy loss. It is also ductile, making it easy to work with and shape into wires.

Aluminum, while not as conductive as copper, is lightweight and less expensive, making it a favorable option for certain applications, especially in overhead power lines where weight and cost efficiency are critical. Both of these metals are commonly used in various electrical applications due to their ability to conduct electricity effectively, durability, and resistance to corrosion to some extent.

Other materials mentioned in the alternatives do not primarily serve as conductors. For example, while gold is an excellent conductor, it is rarely used for electrical wiring due to its high cost. Steel is primarily used for structural support rather than for conducting electricity. Plastic and rubber are insulators, not conductors, and are used to protect conductors and prevent short circuits but do not facilitate the flow of electricity.