What is the purpose of a surge protector in an electrical system?

A surge protector is designed to safeguard electrical devices from voltage spikes, which are sudden and temporary increases in electrical voltage that can occur due to various factors, such as lightning strikes, power outages, or fluctuations in the power supply. When a voltage spike occurs, the surge protector diverts the excess voltage away from attached devices, preventing damage to sensitive electronics such as computers, televisions, and home appliances.

This protective mechanism is crucial because high voltage can lead to overheating, component failure, or complete device destruction. By absorbing and rerouting the excess voltage, the surge protector helps maintain the longevity and functionality of electrical devices.

The other choices mention functions that do not align with the primary role of a surge protector. Devices that improve energy efficiency typically focus on reducing overall consumption rather than voltage regulation. Backup power sources like uninterruptible power supplies provide energy during outages rather than protecting against voltage spikes. Regulating power supply voltage refers to maintaining a consistent voltage level rather than addressing sudden, harmful spikes. Such distinctions clarify why protecting against voltage spikes is the primary purpose of a surge protector.