What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?

The correct response highlights that static electricity is characterized by the buildup of stationary electric charge, while current electricity pertains to the movement or flow of charged particles, typically through a conductor.

Static electricity occurs when there is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material, often resulting from friction or contact, and as such, this charge remains in a fixed position until it is discharged. Static phenomena are often observed in situations such as the attraction of hair to a balloon after it has been rubbed.

In contrast, current electricity is defined by the consistent flow of electrical charge, typically electrons, through a circuit when a potential difference (voltage) is applied. This flow is what powers electrical devices, enabling functionality in everyday gadgets and systems.

The other options present incorrect interpretations of these two concepts. Static electricity being the flow of charge or involving direct current mischaracterizes the fundamental nature of static and current electricity. Additionally, the claim regarding potential lacks the necessary context to differentiate between the two forms of electricity accurately.